Bačić, Jasmina

Link to this page

Authority KeyName Variants
orcid::0000-0002-8942-3186
  • Bačić, Jasmina (16)
Projects
Diaspora: Knowledge Sharing Vouchers of the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia [451-03-68/2022-14/200178, CRP/SRB19-02, OIS-AIR 77, BIOCTA 6436066] Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 200116 (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture)
Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 200189 (University of Priština - Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Agiculture, Lešak) Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 200216 (Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka)
Optoelectronics nanodimension systems - the rout towards applications Study of the genetic basis of improving yield and quality of small grains in different environmental conditions
INTERREG ADRION OIS-AIR (Open Innovation System of the Adriatic-Ionian Region) proof-ofconcept project Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia, Collaborative Research Programme (CRP)-ICGEB Research Grants Programme
Quarantine Meloidogyne survey was done as a part of activities of Annual Plant Health Programme, financially supported by Plant Health Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia in 2018. Molecular t Serbian Science Cooperation Program
This work was financially supported by the Serbian Plant Protection 12 Directorate of MAFWM in the frame of Program of Measures in Plant Health in 2021, the 13 Slovenian Research Agency in the frame of Research Programme Agrobiodiversity (P4-0072) 14 and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia in the frame of 15 Expert work in the field of plant protection (C2337).

Author's Bibliography

First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci on Tomato in Serbia

Bačić, Jasmina; Pavlović, Miloš; Kušić - Tišma, Jelena; Širca, Saša; Theuerschuh, Melita; Gerič Stare, Barbara

(The American Phytopathological Society, 2023)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Pavlović, Miloš
AU  - Kušić - Tišma, Jelena
AU  - Širca, Saša
AU  - Theuerschuh, Melita
AU  - Gerič Stare, Barbara
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/248
AB  - Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne luci Carneiro, Correa, Almeida, Gomes, Deimi, Castagnone-Sereno, and Karssen, 2014 was described from Brazil, Chile and Iran, parasitizing in various crops (Carneiro et al. 2014). It was later also described from Slovenia, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Turkey and Guatemala (review in Gerič Stare et al. 2017). It is considered an extremely damaging pest as it has a wide host range and infects numerous higher plants, including monocotyledons and dicotyledons as well as herbaceous and woody plants. This species was included in the European Plant Protection Organisation Alert List of harmful organisms. In Europe, M. luci has been detected in both greenhouse and field agricultural production (review in Gerič Stare et al. 2017). Furthermore, M. luci has been shown to survive winter in the field under continental and sub-Mediterranean climatic conditions (Strajnar et al. 2011). In August 2021, an official survey for quarantine RKN in Serbia (Province Vojvodina) revealed in a greenhouse in the village of Lugovo (43043’32,562; 19008’55,168), near Sombor, yellowing, stunning and extensive root galls on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Diva F1 caused by an unknown Meloidogyne sp. (Fig. 1). As correct identification is essential for effective pest management program, the next step was to identify the nematode species. Morphological characterization performed on freshly isolated females revealed perineal patterns similar to M. incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949. The shape was oval to squarish with the dorsal arch rounded to moderately high and without shoulders. The dorsal striae were wavy and continuous. The ventral striae were smooth and the lateral lines were weakly demarcated. The perivulval region was without striae (Fig. 2). The female stylet was robust with well-developed knobs and the stylet cone slightly curved dorsally. Although morphological characters was very variable, the nematode was suspected as M. luci based on comparison with originally described M. luci and M. luci populations from Slovenia, Greece and Turkey. Identification was achieved with subsequent species-specific PCR and sequence analysis. The nematode was determined to belong to the tropical RKN group and the M. ethiopica group using two PCR reactions as described by Gerič Stare et al. (2019) (Figs. 3 and 4). Identification was confirmed by species-specific PCR of M. luci as described by Maleita et al. (2021), and a band of approximately 770 bp was obtained (Fig. 5). In addition, the identification was confirmed by sequence analyses. The region of mtDNA was amplified with primers C2F3 and 1108 (Powers and Harris 1993), cloned, sequenced (acc. no. OQ211107), and compared to other Meloidogyne spp. sequences from the Genbank. The determined sequence is 100% identical to an unidentified Meloidogyne sp. from Serbia, while the next highest scores are sequences of M. luci from Slovenia, Greece and Iran, all of which have 99.94% sequence identity. In phylogenetic tree, all M. luci sequences including the sequence from Serbia belong to a single clade. Egg masses isolated from infected tomato roots were used to establish a nematode culture in greenhouse and they caused typical root galls on cultivar Maraton of tomato. The galling index assessed 110 days-post-inoculation was in the range 4-5 according to the scoring scheme (1-10) for field evaluation of RKN infestations (Zeck 1971). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. luci in Serbia. The authors hypothesize that climate change and higher temperatures could lead to much greater spread and damage to various agricultural crops in the field by M. luci in the future. National surveillance program for RKN in Serbia continued in 2022 and 2023. A management program to control the spread and damage from M. luci will be implemented in Serbia in 2023. Acknowledgments: This work was financially supported by the Serbian Plant Protection Directorate of MAFWM in the frame of Program of Measures in Plant Health in 2021, the Slovenian Research Agency in the frame of Research Programme Agrobiodiversity (P4-0072) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia in the frame of Expert work in the field of plant protection (C2337).
PB  - The American Phytopathological Society
T2  - Plant Disease
T1  - First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci on Tomato in Serbia
DO  - doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-23-0164-PDN
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina and Pavlović, Miloš and Kušić - Tišma, Jelena and Širca, Saša and Theuerschuh, Melita and Gerič Stare, Barbara",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne luci Carneiro, Correa, Almeida, Gomes, Deimi, Castagnone-Sereno, and Karssen, 2014 was described from Brazil, Chile and Iran, parasitizing in various crops (Carneiro et al. 2014). It was later also described from Slovenia, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Turkey and Guatemala (review in Gerič Stare et al. 2017). It is considered an extremely damaging pest as it has a wide host range and infects numerous higher plants, including monocotyledons and dicotyledons as well as herbaceous and woody plants. This species was included in the European Plant Protection Organisation Alert List of harmful organisms. In Europe, M. luci has been detected in both greenhouse and field agricultural production (review in Gerič Stare et al. 2017). Furthermore, M. luci has been shown to survive winter in the field under continental and sub-Mediterranean climatic conditions (Strajnar et al. 2011). In August 2021, an official survey for quarantine RKN in Serbia (Province Vojvodina) revealed in a greenhouse in the village of Lugovo (43043’32,562; 19008’55,168), near Sombor, yellowing, stunning and extensive root galls on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Diva F1 caused by an unknown Meloidogyne sp. (Fig. 1). As correct identification is essential for effective pest management program, the next step was to identify the nematode species. Morphological characterization performed on freshly isolated females revealed perineal patterns similar to M. incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949. The shape was oval to squarish with the dorsal arch rounded to moderately high and without shoulders. The dorsal striae were wavy and continuous. The ventral striae were smooth and the lateral lines were weakly demarcated. The perivulval region was without striae (Fig. 2). The female stylet was robust with well-developed knobs and the stylet cone slightly curved dorsally. Although morphological characters was very variable, the nematode was suspected as M. luci based on comparison with originally described M. luci and M. luci populations from Slovenia, Greece and Turkey. Identification was achieved with subsequent species-specific PCR and sequence analysis. The nematode was determined to belong to the tropical RKN group and the M. ethiopica group using two PCR reactions as described by Gerič Stare et al. (2019) (Figs. 3 and 4). Identification was confirmed by species-specific PCR of M. luci as described by Maleita et al. (2021), and a band of approximately 770 bp was obtained (Fig. 5). In addition, the identification was confirmed by sequence analyses. The region of mtDNA was amplified with primers C2F3 and 1108 (Powers and Harris 1993), cloned, sequenced (acc. no. OQ211107), and compared to other Meloidogyne spp. sequences from the Genbank. The determined sequence is 100% identical to an unidentified Meloidogyne sp. from Serbia, while the next highest scores are sequences of M. luci from Slovenia, Greece and Iran, all of which have 99.94% sequence identity. In phylogenetic tree, all M. luci sequences including the sequence from Serbia belong to a single clade. Egg masses isolated from infected tomato roots were used to establish a nematode culture in greenhouse and they caused typical root galls on cultivar Maraton of tomato. The galling index assessed 110 days-post-inoculation was in the range 4-5 according to the scoring scheme (1-10) for field evaluation of RKN infestations (Zeck 1971). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. luci in Serbia. The authors hypothesize that climate change and higher temperatures could lead to much greater spread and damage to various agricultural crops in the field by M. luci in the future. National surveillance program for RKN in Serbia continued in 2022 and 2023. A management program to control the spread and damage from M. luci will be implemented in Serbia in 2023. Acknowledgments: This work was financially supported by the Serbian Plant Protection Directorate of MAFWM in the frame of Program of Measures in Plant Health in 2021, the Slovenian Research Agency in the frame of Research Programme Agrobiodiversity (P4-0072) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia in the frame of Expert work in the field of plant protection (C2337).",
publisher = "The American Phytopathological Society",
journal = "Plant Disease",
title = "First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci on Tomato in Serbia",
doi = "doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-23-0164-PDN"
}
Bačić, J., Pavlović, M., Kušić - Tišma, J., Širca, S., Theuerschuh, M.,& Gerič Stare, B.. (2023). First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci on Tomato in Serbia. in Plant Disease
The American Phytopathological Society..
https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-23-0164-PDN
Bačić J, Pavlović M, Kušić - Tišma J, Širca S, Theuerschuh M, Gerič Stare B. First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci on Tomato in Serbia. in Plant Disease. 2023;.
doi:doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-23-0164-PDN .
Bačić, Jasmina, Pavlović, Miloš, Kušić - Tišma, Jelena, Širca, Saša, Theuerschuh, Melita, Gerič Stare, Barbara, "First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci on Tomato in Serbia" in Plant Disease (2023),
https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-23-0164-PDN . .

Development of selection criteria for improving grain yield in wheat grown in different agro-ecological environments

Matković Stojšin, Mirela; Petrović, Sofija; Banjac, Borislav; Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana; Zečević, Veselinka; Bačić, Jasmina; Đorđević, Radiša; Knežević, Desimir

(Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Agronomski fakultet, Čačak, 2022)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matković Stojšin, Mirela
AU  - Petrović, Sofija
AU  - Banjac, Borislav
AU  - Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana
AU  - Zečević, Veselinka
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Đorđević, Radiša
AU  - Knežević, Desimir
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/234
AB  - U ovom istraživanju su primenjene različite statističke metode: analiza genetičkih parametara, Pirsonove korelacije, genotipske i fenotipske korelacije i Path analiza, sa ciljem da se kreira selekcioni kriterijum za povećanje prinosa zrna pšenice. Spovedeno je dvogodišnje eksperimentalno istraživanje sa dvadeset sedam genotipova pšenice, gajenih na dva lokaliteta: Rimski Šančevi (Bačka, Vojvodina), na zemljištu tipa černozem; i Kumane (Banat, Vojvodina), na zemljištu tipa solonjec. Najveće vrednosti fenotipskog koeficijenta varijacije (CVp) ima masa zrna po biljci (17,44% na černozemu i 13,81% na solonjecu), dok je najmanja vrednost CVp ustanovljena kod mase 1000 zrna (8,12% na černozemu i 5,47% na solonjecu). Vrednost genotipskog koeficijenta varijacije (CVg) se, na černozemu, kretala od 1,51%, kod broja zrna po klasu, do 9,17%, kod dužine klasa, dok je na solonjecu masa zrna po biljci imala najmanju vrednost CVg (0,36%), a visina biljke najveću (11,15%). Na oba lokaliteta prinos zrna je u visokoznačajnim i pozitivnim genotipskim i fenotipskim korelacijama sa svim osobinama, osim sa visinom biljke i dužinom klasa. U povoljnim uslovima sredine (černozem), Path analiza pokazuje da prinos zrna direktno zavisi od mase zrna po klasu (0,317**), broja zrna po klasu (0,232**) i mase klasa (0,209**), dok ostale osobine imaju pozitivan indirektni efekat na prinos preko navedenih osobina. U uslovima stresa zaslanjenosti, najveći direktni efekat na prinos zrna ima masa zrna po biljci (0,891**), što čini ovu osobinu dobrim selekcionim kriterijumom za povećanje prinosa zrna u uslovima stresa.
AB  - Various statistical methods were applied in this research: analysis of genetic parameters, Pearson's correlation, genotypic and phenotypic correlations, and Path analysis, with the aim of creating a selection criterion for increasing wheat grain yield. A two-year experimental study was conducted with twenty-seven wheat genotypes, grown on two localities: Rimski Šančevi (Bačka, Vojvodina), on Chernozem soil type; and Kumane (Banat, Vojvodina), on Solonjec soil type. The highest values of phenotypic coefficient of variation (CVp) had the grain weight per plant (17.44% on Chernozem and 13.81% on Solonetz), while the lowest value of CVp had the thousand grain weight (8.12% on Chernozem and 5.47% on Solonetz). On Chernozem, the value of the genotypic coefficient of variation (CVg) ranged from 1.51%, in the number of grains per spike, to 9.17% in the spike length, while on Solonetz, grain weight per plant had the lowest value of CVg (0.36%) and plant height the highest one (11.15%). At both localities, grain yield was in highly significant and positive correlations with all analyzed traits, except with plant height and spike length. In favorable environmental conditions (Chernozem), Path analysis revealed that grain yield directly depends on grain weight per spike (0.317**), number of grains per spike (0.232**) and spike weight (0.209**), and other analyzed traits have a positive indirect effect on grain yield over mentioned traits. Under salinity stress conditions, the grain weight per plant had the highest direct effect on grain yield (0.891**), which makes this trait a good selection criterion in breeding for salinity stress tolerance.
PB  - Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Agronomski fakultet, Čačak
T2  - Acta agriculturae Serbica
T1  - Development of selection criteria for improving grain yield in wheat grown in different agro-ecological environments
EP  - 87
IS  - 53
SP  - 79
VL  - 27
DO  - 10.5937/AASer2253079M
UR  - conv_91
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Matković Stojšin, Mirela and Petrović, Sofija and Banjac, Borislav and Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana and Zečević, Veselinka and Bačić, Jasmina and Đorđević, Radiša and Knežević, Desimir",
year = "2022",
abstract = "U ovom istraživanju su primenjene različite statističke metode: analiza genetičkih parametara, Pirsonove korelacije, genotipske i fenotipske korelacije i Path analiza, sa ciljem da se kreira selekcioni kriterijum za povećanje prinosa zrna pšenice. Spovedeno je dvogodišnje eksperimentalno istraživanje sa dvadeset sedam genotipova pšenice, gajenih na dva lokaliteta: Rimski Šančevi (Bačka, Vojvodina), na zemljištu tipa černozem; i Kumane (Banat, Vojvodina), na zemljištu tipa solonjec. Najveće vrednosti fenotipskog koeficijenta varijacije (CVp) ima masa zrna po biljci (17,44% na černozemu i 13,81% na solonjecu), dok je najmanja vrednost CVp ustanovljena kod mase 1000 zrna (8,12% na černozemu i 5,47% na solonjecu). Vrednost genotipskog koeficijenta varijacije (CVg) se, na černozemu, kretala od 1,51%, kod broja zrna po klasu, do 9,17%, kod dužine klasa, dok je na solonjecu masa zrna po biljci imala najmanju vrednost CVg (0,36%), a visina biljke najveću (11,15%). Na oba lokaliteta prinos zrna je u visokoznačajnim i pozitivnim genotipskim i fenotipskim korelacijama sa svim osobinama, osim sa visinom biljke i dužinom klasa. U povoljnim uslovima sredine (černozem), Path analiza pokazuje da prinos zrna direktno zavisi od mase zrna po klasu (0,317**), broja zrna po klasu (0,232**) i mase klasa (0,209**), dok ostale osobine imaju pozitivan indirektni efekat na prinos preko navedenih osobina. U uslovima stresa zaslanjenosti, najveći direktni efekat na prinos zrna ima masa zrna po biljci (0,891**), što čini ovu osobinu dobrim selekcionim kriterijumom za povećanje prinosa zrna u uslovima stresa., Various statistical methods were applied in this research: analysis of genetic parameters, Pearson's correlation, genotypic and phenotypic correlations, and Path analysis, with the aim of creating a selection criterion for increasing wheat grain yield. A two-year experimental study was conducted with twenty-seven wheat genotypes, grown on two localities: Rimski Šančevi (Bačka, Vojvodina), on Chernozem soil type; and Kumane (Banat, Vojvodina), on Solonjec soil type. The highest values of phenotypic coefficient of variation (CVp) had the grain weight per plant (17.44% on Chernozem and 13.81% on Solonetz), while the lowest value of CVp had the thousand grain weight (8.12% on Chernozem and 5.47% on Solonetz). On Chernozem, the value of the genotypic coefficient of variation (CVg) ranged from 1.51%, in the number of grains per spike, to 9.17% in the spike length, while on Solonetz, grain weight per plant had the lowest value of CVg (0.36%) and plant height the highest one (11.15%). At both localities, grain yield was in highly significant and positive correlations with all analyzed traits, except with plant height and spike length. In favorable environmental conditions (Chernozem), Path analysis revealed that grain yield directly depends on grain weight per spike (0.317**), number of grains per spike (0.232**) and spike weight (0.209**), and other analyzed traits have a positive indirect effect on grain yield over mentioned traits. Under salinity stress conditions, the grain weight per plant had the highest direct effect on grain yield (0.891**), which makes this trait a good selection criterion in breeding for salinity stress tolerance.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Agronomski fakultet, Čačak",
journal = "Acta agriculturae Serbica",
title = "Development of selection criteria for improving grain yield in wheat grown in different agro-ecological environments",
pages = "87-79",
number = "53",
volume = "27",
doi = "10.5937/AASer2253079M",
url = "conv_91"
}
Matković Stojšin, M., Petrović, S., Banjac, B., Roljević Nikolić, S., Zečević, V., Bačić, J., Đorđević, R.,& Knežević, D.. (2022). Development of selection criteria for improving grain yield in wheat grown in different agro-ecological environments. in Acta agriculturae Serbica
Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Agronomski fakultet, Čačak., 27(53), 79-87.
https://doi.org/10.5937/AASer2253079M
conv_91
Matković Stojšin M, Petrović S, Banjac B, Roljević Nikolić S, Zečević V, Bačić J, Đorđević R, Knežević D. Development of selection criteria for improving grain yield in wheat grown in different agro-ecological environments. in Acta agriculturae Serbica. 2022;27(53):79-87.
doi:10.5937/AASer2253079M
conv_91 .
Matković Stojšin, Mirela, Petrović, Sofija, Banjac, Borislav, Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana, Zečević, Veselinka, Bačić, Jasmina, Đorđević, Radiša, Knežević, Desimir, "Development of selection criteria for improving grain yield in wheat grown in different agro-ecological environments" in Acta agriculturae Serbica, 27, no. 53 (2022):79-87,
https://doi.org/10.5937/AASer2253079M .,
conv_91 .
2

Organic spelt production systems: Productive and financial performance in three orographic regions

Dolijanović, Željko; Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana; Subić, Jonel; Jovović, Zoran; Oljaca, Jasmina; Bačić, Jasmina

(Pagepress Publ, Pavia, 2022)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dolijanović, Željko
AU  - Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana
AU  - Subić, Jonel
AU  - Jovović, Zoran
AU  - Oljaca, Jasmina
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/217
AB  - A two-year field trial was conducted to study the effects of biohumus, biofertiliser, and soil conditioner application on spelt grain yield in different regions (plain, hilly, and mountainous regions) in Serbia. An analysis of economic efficiency indicators of spelt production in organic farming systems was also performed. The field experiment had a randomised complete block design with three replicates in each of the three regions. One winter spelt cultivar was also studied. The largest differences in spelt yield compared to control were found in the plain region in the biohumus + biofertiliser treatment (28.0%) and the hilly region in the organic fertiliser I zeolite treatment (28.8%). The differences in grain yield between control and treatment conditions in the mountain region were insignificant. Analysis of the economic effects of organic spelt production found a significantly lower gross margin in treatments with expensive organic fertilisers (3955.05 and 1104.75 (sic) ha(-1)) than the control (5094.31 and 1833.85 (sic) ha(-1)), leading to the conclusion that their application was not economically justified despite the increases in grain yield. The highest production costs (3569.71 (sic) ha(-1)) were observed in treatments in the hilly region, resulting in the lowest benefit-cost ratio (0.1), while the greatest benefit-cost ratio was recorded in treatments in the mountainous region (2.1). Following the economic analysis results, a significant negative correlation between the benefit-cost ratio and the total production costs (r= -0.91**) was determined and a positive correlation between the gross margin and grain yield (r=0.66*). These results lead to the conclusion that the management strategy of spelt production in organic farming systems should be harmonised with the soil and agro-ecological characteristics of the region and directed at decreasing the costs and share of external inputs. In this case, organic spelt production can be economically profitable.
PB  - Pagepress Publ, Pavia
T2  - Italian Journal of Agronomy
T1  - Organic spelt production systems: Productive and financial performance in three orographic regions
IS  - 2
VL  - 17
DO  - 10.4081/ija.2022.2025
UR  - conv_198
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Dolijanović, Željko and Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana and Subić, Jonel and Jovović, Zoran and Oljaca, Jasmina and Bačić, Jasmina",
year = "2022",
abstract = "A two-year field trial was conducted to study the effects of biohumus, biofertiliser, and soil conditioner application on spelt grain yield in different regions (plain, hilly, and mountainous regions) in Serbia. An analysis of economic efficiency indicators of spelt production in organic farming systems was also performed. The field experiment had a randomised complete block design with three replicates in each of the three regions. One winter spelt cultivar was also studied. The largest differences in spelt yield compared to control were found in the plain region in the biohumus + biofertiliser treatment (28.0%) and the hilly region in the organic fertiliser I zeolite treatment (28.8%). The differences in grain yield between control and treatment conditions in the mountain region were insignificant. Analysis of the economic effects of organic spelt production found a significantly lower gross margin in treatments with expensive organic fertilisers (3955.05 and 1104.75 (sic) ha(-1)) than the control (5094.31 and 1833.85 (sic) ha(-1)), leading to the conclusion that their application was not economically justified despite the increases in grain yield. The highest production costs (3569.71 (sic) ha(-1)) were observed in treatments in the hilly region, resulting in the lowest benefit-cost ratio (0.1), while the greatest benefit-cost ratio was recorded in treatments in the mountainous region (2.1). Following the economic analysis results, a significant negative correlation between the benefit-cost ratio and the total production costs (r= -0.91**) was determined and a positive correlation between the gross margin and grain yield (r=0.66*). These results lead to the conclusion that the management strategy of spelt production in organic farming systems should be harmonised with the soil and agro-ecological characteristics of the region and directed at decreasing the costs and share of external inputs. In this case, organic spelt production can be economically profitable.",
publisher = "Pagepress Publ, Pavia",
journal = "Italian Journal of Agronomy",
title = "Organic spelt production systems: Productive and financial performance in three orographic regions",
number = "2",
volume = "17",
doi = "10.4081/ija.2022.2025",
url = "conv_198"
}
Dolijanović, Ž., Roljević Nikolić, S., Subić, J., Jovović, Z., Oljaca, J.,& Bačić, J.. (2022). Organic spelt production systems: Productive and financial performance in three orographic regions. in Italian Journal of Agronomy
Pagepress Publ, Pavia., 17(2).
https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2022.2025
conv_198
Dolijanović Ž, Roljević Nikolić S, Subić J, Jovović Z, Oljaca J, Bačić J. Organic spelt production systems: Productive and financial performance in three orographic regions. in Italian Journal of Agronomy. 2022;17(2).
doi:10.4081/ija.2022.2025
conv_198 .
Dolijanović, Željko, Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana, Subić, Jonel, Jovović, Zoran, Oljaca, Jasmina, Bačić, Jasmina, "Organic spelt production systems: Productive and financial performance in three orographic regions" in Italian Journal of Agronomy, 17, no. 2 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2022.2025 .,
conv_198 .
2
4

Prisustvo korenove nematode Meloidogyne arenaria na krompiru u polju u Srbiji

Bačić, Jasmina; Bosnić, Dragana; Samardžić, Jelena; Avdalović, Radmila; Stefanović Mickovski, Violeta; Kušić-Tišma, Jelena

(Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, 2022)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Bosnić, Dragana
AU  - Samardžić, Jelena
AU  - Avdalović, Radmila
AU  - Stefanović Mickovski, Violeta
AU  - Kušić-Tišma, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/231
AB  - Korenove nematode ili nematode korenovih gala mogu prouzrokovati značajne gubitke u prinosu krompira u toplim i hladnim regionima. Šest vrsta Meloidogine mogu parazitirati krompir. Vrste Meloidogyne chitvoodi, M. fallax i M. hapla prisutne su u hladnim regionima, dok su M. arenaria, M. incognita i M. javanica uobičajene u toplim regionima i pripadaju tropskoj grupi Meloidogyne vrsta. Meloidogyne arenaria je prisutna u regionima sa kontinentalnom klimom u zaštićenom prostoru i napada veliki broj biljaka domaćina. U oktobru 2018. primećen je usev krompira var. Balatonska ruža sa tumoroznim izraslinama na 70% krtola tokom posebnog nadzora karantinskih vrsta nematoda Meloidogyne chitvoodi i M. fallax na lokalitetu Horgoš, opština Kanjiža, Pokrajina Vojvodina. Uočeni su i simptomi usporenog rasta i uvenuća biljaka. Ženke su korišćene za morfološku i molekularnu identifikaciju. Morfološka analiza vulvalno-analnih konusa je utvrdila vrstu M. arenaria. Identifikacija vrste je potvrđena molekularnom analizom korišćenjem grupnih specifičnih prajmera u rDNK regionu i SCAR prajmera specifičnih za identifikaciju vrste M. arenaria. Prema našim saznanjima, ovo je prvi nalaz velike štetnosti na krompiru prouzrokovanim prisustvom M. arenaria u polju u Srbiji. Na delu Balkanskog poluostrva sa kontinentalnom klimom nisu ranije zabeležene velike štete usled prisustva M. arenaria na krompiru na otvorenom. Ova tropska vrsta Meloidogyne mogla bi u budućnosti da postane novi fitosanitarni problem u Evropi usled globalnog zagrevanja i klimatskih promena.
AB  - Root-knot nematodes can cause significant losses in potato yield in warm and cool regions. Six Meloidogyne species can attack potato. Species Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax, M. hapla, are present in cool regions, while M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica are common in warm regions and considered to belong to the Meloidogyne tropical group. Meloidogyne arenaria is present in regions with continental climate in glasshouses attacking a large number of host-plants. In October 2018, potato crop var. Balathon Rose with galls on 70% of all tubers was noticed during quarantine nematode species Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax survey in the locality Horgoš, municipality of Kanjiža, Vojvodina Province. Symptoms of stunted and wilted plants were detected as well. Females were used for morphological and molecular identification. Morphological identification of species based on females' perineal patterns indicated the sample as M. arenaria. Species identification was confirmed by molecular analyses using group-specific primers in the rDNA region and species-specific SCAR primers for M. arenaria species identification. To our knowledge, this is the first record of highly damaged potato crop caused by M. arenaria in the field in Serbia. The severity of the damage M. arenaria can cause to potato in the open field has not been observed in the part of Balkan peninsula with continental climate before. This tropical Meloidogyne species may become an emerging phytosanitary problem within Europe in the future due global warming and climate change.
PB  - Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad
T2  - Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo
T1  - Prisustvo korenove nematode Meloidogyne arenaria na krompiru u polju u Srbiji
T1  - Occurrence of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in the potato field in Serbia
EP  - 55
IS  - 2
SP  - 51
VL  - 59
DO  - 10.5937/ratpov59-38187
UR  - conv_135
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina and Bosnić, Dragana and Samardžić, Jelena and Avdalović, Radmila and Stefanović Mickovski, Violeta and Kušić-Tišma, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Korenove nematode ili nematode korenovih gala mogu prouzrokovati značajne gubitke u prinosu krompira u toplim i hladnim regionima. Šest vrsta Meloidogine mogu parazitirati krompir. Vrste Meloidogyne chitvoodi, M. fallax i M. hapla prisutne su u hladnim regionima, dok su M. arenaria, M. incognita i M. javanica uobičajene u toplim regionima i pripadaju tropskoj grupi Meloidogyne vrsta. Meloidogyne arenaria je prisutna u regionima sa kontinentalnom klimom u zaštićenom prostoru i napada veliki broj biljaka domaćina. U oktobru 2018. primećen je usev krompira var. Balatonska ruža sa tumoroznim izraslinama na 70% krtola tokom posebnog nadzora karantinskih vrsta nematoda Meloidogyne chitvoodi i M. fallax na lokalitetu Horgoš, opština Kanjiža, Pokrajina Vojvodina. Uočeni su i simptomi usporenog rasta i uvenuća biljaka. Ženke su korišćene za morfološku i molekularnu identifikaciju. Morfološka analiza vulvalno-analnih konusa je utvrdila vrstu M. arenaria. Identifikacija vrste je potvrđena molekularnom analizom korišćenjem grupnih specifičnih prajmera u rDNK regionu i SCAR prajmera specifičnih za identifikaciju vrste M. arenaria. Prema našim saznanjima, ovo je prvi nalaz velike štetnosti na krompiru prouzrokovanim prisustvom M. arenaria u polju u Srbiji. Na delu Balkanskog poluostrva sa kontinentalnom klimom nisu ranije zabeležene velike štete usled prisustva M. arenaria na krompiru na otvorenom. Ova tropska vrsta Meloidogyne mogla bi u budućnosti da postane novi fitosanitarni problem u Evropi usled globalnog zagrevanja i klimatskih promena., Root-knot nematodes can cause significant losses in potato yield in warm and cool regions. Six Meloidogyne species can attack potato. Species Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax, M. hapla, are present in cool regions, while M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica are common in warm regions and considered to belong to the Meloidogyne tropical group. Meloidogyne arenaria is present in regions with continental climate in glasshouses attacking a large number of host-plants. In October 2018, potato crop var. Balathon Rose with galls on 70% of all tubers was noticed during quarantine nematode species Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax survey in the locality Horgoš, municipality of Kanjiža, Vojvodina Province. Symptoms of stunted and wilted plants were detected as well. Females were used for morphological and molecular identification. Morphological identification of species based on females' perineal patterns indicated the sample as M. arenaria. Species identification was confirmed by molecular analyses using group-specific primers in the rDNA region and species-specific SCAR primers for M. arenaria species identification. To our knowledge, this is the first record of highly damaged potato crop caused by M. arenaria in the field in Serbia. The severity of the damage M. arenaria can cause to potato in the open field has not been observed in the part of Balkan peninsula with continental climate before. This tropical Meloidogyne species may become an emerging phytosanitary problem within Europe in the future due global warming and climate change.",
publisher = "Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad",
journal = "Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo",
title = "Prisustvo korenove nematode Meloidogyne arenaria na krompiru u polju u Srbiji, Occurrence of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in the potato field in Serbia",
pages = "55-51",
number = "2",
volume = "59",
doi = "10.5937/ratpov59-38187",
url = "conv_135"
}
Bačić, J., Bosnić, D., Samardžić, J., Avdalović, R., Stefanović Mickovski, V.,& Kušić-Tišma, J.. (2022). Prisustvo korenove nematode Meloidogyne arenaria na krompiru u polju u Srbiji. in Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo
Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad., 59(2), 51-55.
https://doi.org/10.5937/ratpov59-38187
conv_135
Bačić J, Bosnić D, Samardžić J, Avdalović R, Stefanović Mickovski V, Kušić-Tišma J. Prisustvo korenove nematode Meloidogyne arenaria na krompiru u polju u Srbiji. in Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo. 2022;59(2):51-55.
doi:10.5937/ratpov59-38187
conv_135 .
Bačić, Jasmina, Bosnić, Dragana, Samardžić, Jelena, Avdalović, Radmila, Stefanović Mickovski, Violeta, Kušić-Tišma, Jelena, "Prisustvo korenove nematode Meloidogyne arenaria na krompiru u polju u Srbiji" in Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, 59, no. 2 (2022):51-55,
https://doi.org/10.5937/ratpov59-38187 .,
conv_135 .
1
2

The Microbiome of the 'Williams' Pear Variety Grown in the Organic Orchard and Antifungal Activity by the Autochthonous Bacterial and Yeast Isolates

Janakiev, Tamara; Berić, Tanja; Stević, Tatjana; Stanković, Slaviša; Bačić, Jasmina; Majstorović, Helena; Fira, Đorđe; Dimkić, Ivica

(MDPI, Basel, 2022)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Janakiev, Tamara
AU  - Berić, Tanja
AU  - Stević, Tatjana
AU  - Stanković, Slaviša
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Majstorović, Helena
AU  - Fira, Đorđe
AU  - Dimkić, Ivica
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/218
AB  - The total diversity of bacterial and fungal communities associated with the phyllosphere (fruits and leaves) of the 'Williams' pear variety was analyzed in two phenological stages during fruit development and maturation. The antagonistic potential of autochthonous bacterial and yeast isolates against phytopathogenic fungi was also evaluated. A metabarcoding approach revealed Pantoea, Sphingomonas, Hymenobacter, Massilia, and Pseudomonas as dominant bacterial constituents of the pear phyllosphere, whilst most abundant among the fungal representatives identified were Metschnikowia, Filobasidium, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botrytis cinerea, and Taphrina. The traditional culturable approach revealed that the Pseudomonas genus with P. graminis, P. putida, and P. congelans was most prevalent. The most frequently cultivated fungal representatives belonged to the genus Fusarium with six identified species. A broad range of the antagonistic activity was detected for the Hannaella luteola and Metschnikowia pulcherrima yeasts, significantly affecting the growth of many fungal isolates in the range of 53-70%. Fusarium sporotrichioides was the most susceptible fungal isolate. The autochthonous antagonistic yeasts H. luteola and M. pulcherrima might be powerful biological control agents of postharvest diseases caused by Fusarium spp. and common pathogens like Monilinia laxa, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria tenuissima, and Cladosporium cladosporioides.
PB  - MDPI, Basel
T2  - Microorganisms
T1  - The Microbiome of the 'Williams' Pear Variety Grown in the Organic Orchard and Antifungal Activity by the Autochthonous Bacterial and Yeast Isolates
IS  - 7
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.3390/microorganisms10071282
UR  - conv_200
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Janakiev, Tamara and Berić, Tanja and Stević, Tatjana and Stanković, Slaviša and Bačić, Jasmina and Majstorović, Helena and Fira, Đorđe and Dimkić, Ivica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The total diversity of bacterial and fungal communities associated with the phyllosphere (fruits and leaves) of the 'Williams' pear variety was analyzed in two phenological stages during fruit development and maturation. The antagonistic potential of autochthonous bacterial and yeast isolates against phytopathogenic fungi was also evaluated. A metabarcoding approach revealed Pantoea, Sphingomonas, Hymenobacter, Massilia, and Pseudomonas as dominant bacterial constituents of the pear phyllosphere, whilst most abundant among the fungal representatives identified were Metschnikowia, Filobasidium, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botrytis cinerea, and Taphrina. The traditional culturable approach revealed that the Pseudomonas genus with P. graminis, P. putida, and P. congelans was most prevalent. The most frequently cultivated fungal representatives belonged to the genus Fusarium with six identified species. A broad range of the antagonistic activity was detected for the Hannaella luteola and Metschnikowia pulcherrima yeasts, significantly affecting the growth of many fungal isolates in the range of 53-70%. Fusarium sporotrichioides was the most susceptible fungal isolate. The autochthonous antagonistic yeasts H. luteola and M. pulcherrima might be powerful biological control agents of postharvest diseases caused by Fusarium spp. and common pathogens like Monilinia laxa, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria tenuissima, and Cladosporium cladosporioides.",
publisher = "MDPI, Basel",
journal = "Microorganisms",
title = "The Microbiome of the 'Williams' Pear Variety Grown in the Organic Orchard and Antifungal Activity by the Autochthonous Bacterial and Yeast Isolates",
number = "7",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.3390/microorganisms10071282",
url = "conv_200"
}
Janakiev, T., Berić, T., Stević, T., Stanković, S., Bačić, J., Majstorović, H., Fira, Đ.,& Dimkić, I.. (2022). The Microbiome of the 'Williams' Pear Variety Grown in the Organic Orchard and Antifungal Activity by the Autochthonous Bacterial and Yeast Isolates. in Microorganisms
MDPI, Basel., 10(7).
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071282
conv_200
Janakiev T, Berić T, Stević T, Stanković S, Bačić J, Majstorović H, Fira Đ, Dimkić I. The Microbiome of the 'Williams' Pear Variety Grown in the Organic Orchard and Antifungal Activity by the Autochthonous Bacterial and Yeast Isolates. in Microorganisms. 2022;10(7).
doi:10.3390/microorganisms10071282
conv_200 .
Janakiev, Tamara, Berić, Tanja, Stević, Tatjana, Stanković, Slaviša, Bačić, Jasmina, Majstorović, Helena, Fira, Đorđe, Dimkić, Ivica, "The Microbiome of the 'Williams' Pear Variety Grown in the Organic Orchard and Antifungal Activity by the Autochthonous Bacterial and Yeast Isolates" in Microorganisms, 10, no. 7 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071282 .,
conv_200 .
1
6
4

Influence of 340mT static magnetic field on germination potential and mid-infrared spectrum of wheat

Ćirković, Sasa; Bačić, Jasmina; Paunović, Novica; Popović, Tamara B.; Trbovich, Alexander M.; Romcević, Nebojsa; Ristić-Đurović, Jasna L.

(Wiley, Hoboken, 2017)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ćirković, Sasa
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Paunović, Novica
AU  - Popović, Tamara B.
AU  - Trbovich, Alexander M.
AU  - Romcević, Nebojsa
AU  - Ristić-Đurović, Jasna L.
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/178
AB  - In a number of studies, a static magnetic field was observed to positively influence the growing process of various plants; however, the effect has not yet been related to possible structural changes. We investigate if the static magnetic field that improves germination of wheat also alters wheat's near-infrared spectrum. Two groups of seeds were exposed to 340mT for 16h cumulatively. The first group was exposed 8 days for 2h per day, while the second group was exposed 4h per day for 4 consecutive days. One half of each of the exposed seed groups as well as of the unexposed control groups was sown, and the other half was used for mid-infrared spectra measurements. The sown seeds were monitored for 3 weeks after sowing. Germination of the groups exposed to the magnetic field was faster compared to corresponding non-exposed groups that were grown under the same conditions. The magnetic field exposure caused the enhancement of one OH peak at 3,369cm(-1) and two CO peaks at 1,662cm(-1) and 1,740cm(-1) in the mid-infrared spectrum. The effect was more pronounced for the 4 day, 4h/day exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:533-540, 2017.(c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PB  - Wiley, Hoboken
T2  - Bioelectromagnetics
T1  - Influence of 340mT static magnetic field on germination potential and mid-infrared spectrum of wheat
EP  - 540
IS  - 7
SP  - 533
VL  - 38
DO  - 10.1002/bem.22057
UR  - conv_162
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Ćirković, Sasa and Bačić, Jasmina and Paunović, Novica and Popović, Tamara B. and Trbovich, Alexander M. and Romcević, Nebojsa and Ristić-Đurović, Jasna L.",
year = "2017",
abstract = "In a number of studies, a static magnetic field was observed to positively influence the growing process of various plants; however, the effect has not yet been related to possible structural changes. We investigate if the static magnetic field that improves germination of wheat also alters wheat's near-infrared spectrum. Two groups of seeds were exposed to 340mT for 16h cumulatively. The first group was exposed 8 days for 2h per day, while the second group was exposed 4h per day for 4 consecutive days. One half of each of the exposed seed groups as well as of the unexposed control groups was sown, and the other half was used for mid-infrared spectra measurements. The sown seeds were monitored for 3 weeks after sowing. Germination of the groups exposed to the magnetic field was faster compared to corresponding non-exposed groups that were grown under the same conditions. The magnetic field exposure caused the enhancement of one OH peak at 3,369cm(-1) and two CO peaks at 1,662cm(-1) and 1,740cm(-1) in the mid-infrared spectrum. The effect was more pronounced for the 4 day, 4h/day exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:533-540, 2017.(c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
publisher = "Wiley, Hoboken",
journal = "Bioelectromagnetics",
title = "Influence of 340mT static magnetic field on germination potential and mid-infrared spectrum of wheat",
pages = "540-533",
number = "7",
volume = "38",
doi = "10.1002/bem.22057",
url = "conv_162"
}
Ćirković, S., Bačić, J., Paunović, N., Popović, T. B., Trbovich, A. M., Romcević, N.,& Ristić-Đurović, J. L.. (2017). Influence of 340mT static magnetic field on germination potential and mid-infrared spectrum of wheat. in Bioelectromagnetics
Wiley, Hoboken., 38(7), 533-540.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22057
conv_162
Ćirković S, Bačić J, Paunović N, Popović TB, Trbovich AM, Romcević N, Ristić-Đurović JL. Influence of 340mT static magnetic field on germination potential and mid-infrared spectrum of wheat. in Bioelectromagnetics. 2017;38(7):533-540.
doi:10.1002/bem.22057
conv_162 .
Ćirković, Sasa, Bačić, Jasmina, Paunović, Novica, Popović, Tamara B., Trbovich, Alexander M., Romcević, Nebojsa, Ristić-Đurović, Jasna L., "Influence of 340mT static magnetic field on germination potential and mid-infrared spectrum of wheat" in Bioelectromagnetics, 38, no. 7 (2017):533-540,
https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22057 .,
conv_162 .
1
9
5
7

First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita.

Bačić, Jasmina; Geric-Stare, Barbara; Strajnar, P.; Sirca, Saša; Urek, Gregor

(Amer Phytopathological Soc, St Paul, 2016)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Geric-Stare, Barbara
AU  - Strajnar, P.
AU  - Sirca, Saša
AU  - Urek, Gregor
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/173
PB  - Amer Phytopathological Soc, St Paul
T2  - Plant Disease
T1  - First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita.
EP  - 1022
IS  - 5
SP  - 1021
VL  - 100
DO  - 10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1072-PDN
UR  - conv_159
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina and Geric-Stare, Barbara and Strajnar, P. and Sirca, Saša and Urek, Gregor",
year = "2016",
publisher = "Amer Phytopathological Soc, St Paul",
journal = "Plant Disease",
title = "First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita.",
pages = "1022-1021",
number = "5",
volume = "100",
doi = "10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1072-PDN",
url = "conv_159"
}
Bačić, J., Geric-Stare, B., Strajnar, P., Sirca, S.,& Urek, G.. (2016). First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita.. in Plant Disease
Amer Phytopathological Soc, St Paul., 100(5), 1021-1022.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1072-PDN
conv_159
Bačić J, Geric-Stare B, Strajnar P, Sirca S, Urek G. First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita.. in Plant Disease. 2016;100(5):1021-1022.
doi:10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1072-PDN
conv_159 .
Bačić, Jasmina, Geric-Stare, Barbara, Strajnar, P., Sirca, Saša, Urek, Gregor, "First Report of a Highly Damaged Potato Crop From Serbia Caused by Meloidogyne incognita." in Plant Disease, 100, no. 5 (2016):1021-1022,
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1072-PDN .,
conv_159 .
3
5

First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia

Bačić, Jasmina; Geric-Stare, Barbara; Urek, Gregor; Sirca, Saša

(Amer Phytopathological Soc, St Paul, 2014)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Geric-Stare, Barbara
AU  - Urek, Gregor
AU  - Sirca, Saša
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/157
AB  - Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Korentchenko) Braasch et al. (1), also referred to as the European type of B. mucronatus, is morphologically very similar to the pine wood nematode (PWN) B. xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, the causal agent of pine wilt disease. The main morphological difference between the two species is the shape of the female tail mucro (3); however, some populations of PWN vary in mucro shape, which can lead to misidentification. Since PWN was found and identified for the first time in Portugal in 1999 (4), concern about the spread of PWN to pines and other conifers all over Europe has increased. Therefore, the PWN survey in every European country is essential. In 2011, the Serbian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management implemented phytosanitary measures for detection of PWN in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. In September 2013, wood samples were collected from a 40-year-old wilted Pinus sylvestris located on Divcibare Mountain, western Serbia. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann funnel method. Nematode specimens (10 females and 10 males) were characterized by an Aphelenchoid-type esophagus, female vulva flap, mucro on the end of female tail, and males with paired arcuate spicules. Morphological identification matched that of B. mucronatus kolymensis (1). The specific morphometric evidence for this European type subspecies of B. mucronatus was sub-cylindrical female tail with mucro 3 to 4 μm long, digitate, well offset from tail (5). Species identification was confirmed by PCR-RFLP of the rDNA ITS region using one female and one male nematode separately (2). The sizes of restricted DNA fragments as determined with agarose gel and capillary electrophoresis were in compliance with reported data in the literature (2,4) and support the identification of the nematode as B. mucronatus kolymensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of any species belonging to Bursaphelenchus genus in Serbia. The presence of B. mucronatus kolymensis in Serbia indicates the possibility of establishment and spread of PWN. Therefore, the measures taken in case of PWN occurrence should be prepared and training foresters to identify pine wilt disease symptoms should be encouraged in Serbia.
PB  - Amer Phytopathological Soc, St Paul
T2  - Plant Disease
T1  - First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia
IS  - 12
VL  - 98
DO  - 10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN
UR  - conv_156
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina and Geric-Stare, Barbara and Urek, Gregor and Sirca, Saša",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Korentchenko) Braasch et al. (1), also referred to as the European type of B. mucronatus, is morphologically very similar to the pine wood nematode (PWN) B. xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, the causal agent of pine wilt disease. The main morphological difference between the two species is the shape of the female tail mucro (3); however, some populations of PWN vary in mucro shape, which can lead to misidentification. Since PWN was found and identified for the first time in Portugal in 1999 (4), concern about the spread of PWN to pines and other conifers all over Europe has increased. Therefore, the PWN survey in every European country is essential. In 2011, the Serbian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management implemented phytosanitary measures for detection of PWN in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. In September 2013, wood samples were collected from a 40-year-old wilted Pinus sylvestris located on Divcibare Mountain, western Serbia. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann funnel method. Nematode specimens (10 females and 10 males) were characterized by an Aphelenchoid-type esophagus, female vulva flap, mucro on the end of female tail, and males with paired arcuate spicules. Morphological identification matched that of B. mucronatus kolymensis (1). The specific morphometric evidence for this European type subspecies of B. mucronatus was sub-cylindrical female tail with mucro 3 to 4 μm long, digitate, well offset from tail (5). Species identification was confirmed by PCR-RFLP of the rDNA ITS region using one female and one male nematode separately (2). The sizes of restricted DNA fragments as determined with agarose gel and capillary electrophoresis were in compliance with reported data in the literature (2,4) and support the identification of the nematode as B. mucronatus kolymensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of any species belonging to Bursaphelenchus genus in Serbia. The presence of B. mucronatus kolymensis in Serbia indicates the possibility of establishment and spread of PWN. Therefore, the measures taken in case of PWN occurrence should be prepared and training foresters to identify pine wilt disease symptoms should be encouraged in Serbia.",
publisher = "Amer Phytopathological Soc, St Paul",
journal = "Plant Disease",
title = "First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia",
number = "12",
volume = "98",
doi = "10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN",
url = "conv_156"
}
Bačić, J., Geric-Stare, B., Urek, G.,& Sirca, S.. (2014). First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia. in Plant Disease
Amer Phytopathological Soc, St Paul., 98(12).
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN
conv_156
Bačić J, Geric-Stare B, Urek G, Sirca S. First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia. in Plant Disease. 2014;98(12).
doi:10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN
conv_156 .
Bačić, Jasmina, Geric-Stare, Barbara, Urek, Gregor, Sirca, Saša, "First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia" in Plant Disease, 98, no. 12 (2014),
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN .,
conv_156 .
3
1

Prisustvo Heterodera schachtii u regionima gajenja šećerne repe Vojvodine

Bačić, Jasmina

(Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, 2013)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/152
AB  - Istraživanje prisustva repine nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt 1871 u regionima gajenja šećerne repe Vojvodine sprovedeno je u periodu od novembra 2006. do juna meseca 2012. godine. Uzorci zemljišta su uzeti i analizirani poreklom sa 55 parcela. Ukupno je sakupljeno 1387 uzoraka zemljišta kod 20 proizvođača šećerne repe i 3 proizvođača semenske stočne repe. U cilju određivanja prisustva cista i gustine populacije korišćeni su Fenwick flotacioni aparat i električna mehanička mešalica za gnječenje cista. Heterodera schachtii je utvrđena na 36,36% parcela sa gustinom populacije u rasponu od 13 do 1591 jaja i jedinki drugog juvenilnog stadijuma u 100 cm3 zemljišta. Najveći broj zaraženih parcela konstatovan je u regionu Bačke. Samo u regionu Banata H. schachtii nije konstatovana. Sadašnja saznanja o prisustvu H. schachtii u regionima gajenja šećerne repe Vojvodine ukazuju da je pojava ove štetočine najučestalija blizu starih fabrika šećera u regionima Bačke i Srema kao posledica intenzivnog gajenja šećerne repe i primene uskog plodoreda.
AB  - The survey on the occurrence of the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt 1871 was performed from November 2006 until June 2012 in the sugar beet growing areas of the Serbian northern Province of Vojvodina. The soil samples were taken from 55 beet fields and analyzed for number of viable eggs or juveniles in the soil. In total, 1387 soil samples were collected from 20 sugar beet producers and 3 seed fodder beet producers. Fenwick can and electric device for crushing cysts were used in order to determine the presence of cysts and population density. Heterodera schachtii occurred in 36.36 % of beet fields with population density ranging from 13 to 1591 eggs and second-stage juveniles in 100 cm3 of soil. The area with the most infected fields was the district of Bačka. Only in the district of Banat H. schachtii was not detected. Current occurrence of H. schachtii in the sugar beet growing areas of Vojvodina indicates that this pest is most frequently found near old sugar beet factories in the districts of Bačka and Srem as a result of intensive sugar beet cultivation with narrow crop rotation.
PB  - Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad
T2  - Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo
T1  - Prisustvo Heterodera schachtii u regionima gajenja šećerne repe Vojvodine
T1  - Occurrence of Heterodera schachtii in the sugar beet growing areas of Vojvodina, Serbia
EP  - 59
IS  - 1
SP  - 54
VL  - 50
DO  - 10.5937/ratpov50-3003
UR  - conv_131
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Istraživanje prisustva repine nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt 1871 u regionima gajenja šećerne repe Vojvodine sprovedeno je u periodu od novembra 2006. do juna meseca 2012. godine. Uzorci zemljišta su uzeti i analizirani poreklom sa 55 parcela. Ukupno je sakupljeno 1387 uzoraka zemljišta kod 20 proizvođača šećerne repe i 3 proizvođača semenske stočne repe. U cilju određivanja prisustva cista i gustine populacije korišćeni su Fenwick flotacioni aparat i električna mehanička mešalica za gnječenje cista. Heterodera schachtii je utvrđena na 36,36% parcela sa gustinom populacije u rasponu od 13 do 1591 jaja i jedinki drugog juvenilnog stadijuma u 100 cm3 zemljišta. Najveći broj zaraženih parcela konstatovan je u regionu Bačke. Samo u regionu Banata H. schachtii nije konstatovana. Sadašnja saznanja o prisustvu H. schachtii u regionima gajenja šećerne repe Vojvodine ukazuju da je pojava ove štetočine najučestalija blizu starih fabrika šećera u regionima Bačke i Srema kao posledica intenzivnog gajenja šećerne repe i primene uskog plodoreda., The survey on the occurrence of the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt 1871 was performed from November 2006 until June 2012 in the sugar beet growing areas of the Serbian northern Province of Vojvodina. The soil samples were taken from 55 beet fields and analyzed for number of viable eggs or juveniles in the soil. In total, 1387 soil samples were collected from 20 sugar beet producers and 3 seed fodder beet producers. Fenwick can and electric device for crushing cysts were used in order to determine the presence of cysts and population density. Heterodera schachtii occurred in 36.36 % of beet fields with population density ranging from 13 to 1591 eggs and second-stage juveniles in 100 cm3 of soil. The area with the most infected fields was the district of Bačka. Only in the district of Banat H. schachtii was not detected. Current occurrence of H. schachtii in the sugar beet growing areas of Vojvodina indicates that this pest is most frequently found near old sugar beet factories in the districts of Bačka and Srem as a result of intensive sugar beet cultivation with narrow crop rotation.",
publisher = "Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad",
journal = "Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo",
title = "Prisustvo Heterodera schachtii u regionima gajenja šećerne repe Vojvodine, Occurrence of Heterodera schachtii in the sugar beet growing areas of Vojvodina, Serbia",
pages = "59-54",
number = "1",
volume = "50",
doi = "10.5937/ratpov50-3003",
url = "conv_131"
}
Bačić, J.. (2013). Prisustvo Heterodera schachtii u regionima gajenja šećerne repe Vojvodine. in Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo
Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad., 50(1), 54-59.
https://doi.org/10.5937/ratpov50-3003
conv_131
Bačić J. Prisustvo Heterodera schachtii u regionima gajenja šećerne repe Vojvodine. in Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo. 2013;50(1):54-59.
doi:10.5937/ratpov50-3003
conv_131 .
Bačić, Jasmina, "Prisustvo Heterodera schachtii u regionima gajenja šećerne repe Vojvodine" in Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, 50, no. 1 (2013):54-59,
https://doi.org/10.5937/ratpov50-3003 .,
conv_131 .

Karantinske vrste nematoda krompira iz roda Globodera i Meloidogyne

Bačić, Jasmina

(Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd, 2012)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/150
AB  - Posebnim nadzorom u usevu semenskog i merkantilnog krompira u okviru godišnjeg programa mera zaštite zdravlja bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije obuhvaćene su četiri vrste karantinskih nematoda: dve vrste iz roda Globodera (Globodera rostochiensis i G.pallida - krompirove cistolike nematode) i dve vrste iz roda Meloidogyne (Meloidogyne chitwoodi i M.fallax - korenove galove nematode). U radu su izložena dosadašnja saznanja o krompirovim cistolikim nematodama u svetu sa posebnim osvrtom na aktuelna ispitivanja njihovog prisustva, metoda identifikacije i mogućnosti suzbijanja u našoj zemlji. Prikazana su i dosadašnja istraživanja karantinskih korenovih galovih nematoda u zemljama u kojima su one prisutne, a koje se odnose na biologiju, metode detekcije i kontrolu ovih vrsta.
AB  - Monitoring of seed and ware potato crops by annual plant health program of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of Republic of Serbia includes four quarantine species of nematodes: two species of the genus Globodera (Globodera rostochiensis and G.pallida-potato cyst nematodes) and two species of the genus Meloidogyne (Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M.fallax-root knot nematodes). This paper deals with the present knowledge of potato cyst nematodes in the world with the special reference to the actual research of their occurrence, methods of identification and possibility of control in Serbia. It also presents the current investigation on M.chitwoodi and M.fallax in the countries where they occur, related to their biology, methods for detection and management.
PB  - Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd
T2  - Zaštita bilja
T1  - Karantinske vrste nematoda krompira iz roda Globodera i Meloidogyne
T1  - Potato quarantine nematodes of the genus Globodera and Meloidogyne
EP  - 174
IS  - 3
SP  - 159
VL  - 63
UR  - conv_92
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Posebnim nadzorom u usevu semenskog i merkantilnog krompira u okviru godišnjeg programa mera zaštite zdravlja bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije obuhvaćene su četiri vrste karantinskih nematoda: dve vrste iz roda Globodera (Globodera rostochiensis i G.pallida - krompirove cistolike nematode) i dve vrste iz roda Meloidogyne (Meloidogyne chitwoodi i M.fallax - korenove galove nematode). U radu su izložena dosadašnja saznanja o krompirovim cistolikim nematodama u svetu sa posebnim osvrtom na aktuelna ispitivanja njihovog prisustva, metoda identifikacije i mogućnosti suzbijanja u našoj zemlji. Prikazana su i dosadašnja istraživanja karantinskih korenovih galovih nematoda u zemljama u kojima su one prisutne, a koje se odnose na biologiju, metode detekcije i kontrolu ovih vrsta., Monitoring of seed and ware potato crops by annual plant health program of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of Republic of Serbia includes four quarantine species of nematodes: two species of the genus Globodera (Globodera rostochiensis and G.pallida-potato cyst nematodes) and two species of the genus Meloidogyne (Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M.fallax-root knot nematodes). This paper deals with the present knowledge of potato cyst nematodes in the world with the special reference to the actual research of their occurrence, methods of identification and possibility of control in Serbia. It also presents the current investigation on M.chitwoodi and M.fallax in the countries where they occur, related to their biology, methods for detection and management.",
publisher = "Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd",
journal = "Zaštita bilja",
title = "Karantinske vrste nematoda krompira iz roda Globodera i Meloidogyne, Potato quarantine nematodes of the genus Globodera and Meloidogyne",
pages = "174-159",
number = "3",
volume = "63",
url = "conv_92"
}
Bačić, J.. (2012). Karantinske vrste nematoda krompira iz roda Globodera i Meloidogyne. in Zaštita bilja
Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd., 63(3), 159-174.
conv_92
Bačić J. Karantinske vrste nematoda krompira iz roda Globodera i Meloidogyne. in Zaštita bilja. 2012;63(3):159-174.
conv_92 .
Bačić, Jasmina, "Karantinske vrste nematoda krompira iz roda Globodera i Meloidogyne" in Zaštita bilja, 63, no. 3 (2012):159-174,
conv_92 .

Prisustvo krompirovih cistolikih nematoda u regionima gajenja merkantilnog krompira Srbije

Bačić, Jasmina

(Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd, 2012)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/149
AB  - Krompirove cistolike nematode Globodera rostochiensis i Globodera pallida ubrajaju se u najopasnije štetočine krompira širom sveta zbog čega se ove vrste nalaze se listi karantinskih štetnih organizama u velikom broju zemalja. Redovnim službenim zdravstvenim pregledom zemljišta poreklom sa parcela namenjenih proizvodnji semenskog krompira u Srbiji su tokom poslednje decenije otkrivena žarišta obe vrste koja su proglašena karantinskim područjima. Od 2009. godine sprovodi se i službeni nadzor na prisustvo ovih vrsta u regionima gajenja merkantilnog krompira radi sprečavanja njihovog daljeg širenja. U radu su predstavljeni rezultati inventarizacije krompirovih cistolikih nematoda u usevu merkantilnog krompira u periodu 2009-2012. godine u okviru realizacije godišnjeg programa mera zaštite zdravlja bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije. Utvđena je samo vrsta Globodera rostochiensis na teritoriji Zapadne Srbije u već zaraženim karantinskim područjima Mačvanskog, Zlatiborskog i Moravičkog okruga. Prisustvo G.rostochiensis detektovano je u 8.87 % uzoraka zemljišta sa gustinom populacije u rasponu od 40 do 8040 jaja i jedinki drugog juvenilnog stadijuma u 100 cm 3 zemljišta. Najveći procenat zaraženih uzoraka zemljišta registrovan je u Mačvanskom okrugu, dok je najveća gustina populacije utvrđena u Zlatiborskom okrugu.
AB  - The potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida are among the most dangerous potato pests in the world and this is why these species are included in the list of quarantine organisms in many countries. During the last decade, by regular official program for control of fields for production of seed potato in Serbia, the foci of both species were discovered and designated as quarantine areas. In order to prevent their spread, an official surveillance on the presence of these species in the ware potato growing areas has been carried out since 2009. This paper presents the results of the inventory of potato cyst nematodes in ware potato fields in the period between 2009 and 2012 in the framework of implementation of the program of the annual plant health protection measures of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. In all cases, only Globodera rostochiensis was found in already infected, quarantine areas of western Serbia in districts of Macva, Zlatibor and Moravica. The presence of G.rostochiensis was detected in 8.87 % soil samples with population densities ranging from 40 to 8040 eggs and second juvenile stages in 100 cm 3 of soil. The highest percentage of infected soil samples was registered in district of Macva while the highest population density was found in district of Zlatibor.
PB  - Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd
T2  - Zaštita bilja
T1  - Prisustvo krompirovih cistolikih nematoda u regionima gajenja merkantilnog krompira Srbije
T1  - Occurrence of potato cyst nematodes in the ware potato growing areas of Serbia
EP  - 191
IS  - 4
SP  - 184
VL  - 63
UR  - conv_93
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Krompirove cistolike nematode Globodera rostochiensis i Globodera pallida ubrajaju se u najopasnije štetočine krompira širom sveta zbog čega se ove vrste nalaze se listi karantinskih štetnih organizama u velikom broju zemalja. Redovnim službenim zdravstvenim pregledom zemljišta poreklom sa parcela namenjenih proizvodnji semenskog krompira u Srbiji su tokom poslednje decenije otkrivena žarišta obe vrste koja su proglašena karantinskim područjima. Od 2009. godine sprovodi se i službeni nadzor na prisustvo ovih vrsta u regionima gajenja merkantilnog krompira radi sprečavanja njihovog daljeg širenja. U radu su predstavljeni rezultati inventarizacije krompirovih cistolikih nematoda u usevu merkantilnog krompira u periodu 2009-2012. godine u okviru realizacije godišnjeg programa mera zaštite zdravlja bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije. Utvđena je samo vrsta Globodera rostochiensis na teritoriji Zapadne Srbije u već zaraženim karantinskim područjima Mačvanskog, Zlatiborskog i Moravičkog okruga. Prisustvo G.rostochiensis detektovano je u 8.87 % uzoraka zemljišta sa gustinom populacije u rasponu od 40 do 8040 jaja i jedinki drugog juvenilnog stadijuma u 100 cm 3 zemljišta. Najveći procenat zaraženih uzoraka zemljišta registrovan je u Mačvanskom okrugu, dok je najveća gustina populacije utvrđena u Zlatiborskom okrugu., The potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida are among the most dangerous potato pests in the world and this is why these species are included in the list of quarantine organisms in many countries. During the last decade, by regular official program for control of fields for production of seed potato in Serbia, the foci of both species were discovered and designated as quarantine areas. In order to prevent their spread, an official surveillance on the presence of these species in the ware potato growing areas has been carried out since 2009. This paper presents the results of the inventory of potato cyst nematodes in ware potato fields in the period between 2009 and 2012 in the framework of implementation of the program of the annual plant health protection measures of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. In all cases, only Globodera rostochiensis was found in already infected, quarantine areas of western Serbia in districts of Macva, Zlatibor and Moravica. The presence of G.rostochiensis was detected in 8.87 % soil samples with population densities ranging from 40 to 8040 eggs and second juvenile stages in 100 cm 3 of soil. The highest percentage of infected soil samples was registered in district of Macva while the highest population density was found in district of Zlatibor.",
publisher = "Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd",
journal = "Zaštita bilja",
title = "Prisustvo krompirovih cistolikih nematoda u regionima gajenja merkantilnog krompira Srbije, Occurrence of potato cyst nematodes in the ware potato growing areas of Serbia",
pages = "191-184",
number = "4",
volume = "63",
url = "conv_93"
}
Bačić, J.. (2012). Prisustvo krompirovih cistolikih nematoda u regionima gajenja merkantilnog krompira Srbije. in Zaštita bilja
Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd., 63(4), 184-191.
conv_93
Bačić J. Prisustvo krompirovih cistolikih nematoda u regionima gajenja merkantilnog krompira Srbije. in Zaštita bilja. 2012;63(4):184-191.
conv_93 .
Bačić, Jasmina, "Prisustvo krompirovih cistolikih nematoda u regionima gajenja merkantilnog krompira Srbije" in Zaštita bilja, 63, no. 4 (2012):184-191,
conv_93 .

Borova nematoda (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) - potencijalna opasnost za četinarske šume u Srbiji

Bačić, Jasmina

(Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad, 2011)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/145
AB  - Borova nematoda (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) je migratorni endoparazit koji prouzrokuje sušenje i uginuće četinara na više kontinenata. Prenosi se insektima - strižibubama iz roda Monochamus. Od biljaka domaćina, pored najosetljivijih iz roda Pinus, ubrajaju se i vrste iz roda Abies, Chamaecyparis, Cedrus, Larix, Picea i Pseudotsuga. Ova nematoda vodi poreklo iz Severne Amerike. Prenesena je u Japan i u druge azijske zemlje početkom 20. veka, gde je postala destruktivna štetočina za borove šume. Utvrđena je u Portugaliji i Španiji 1999. i 2008. godine. Prema EPPO, nalazi se na A2 listi karantinskih organizama. Ova štetočina je na A1 listi karantinskih nematoda koje nisu utvrđene na teritoriji Republike Srbije. Predstavlja potencijalnu opasnost za četinarske šume u Evropi, posebno u južnom području, uključujući i Srbiju. U zemljama Evropske unije primenjuju se posebne fitosanitarne mere protiv širenja ove štetočine, kao i nadzor njenog prisustva u četinarskim šumama. U 2011. godini, regulativom Ministarstva poljoprivrede, trgovine, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, pridružila se i Srbija u vezi sprovođenja posebnih fitosanitarnih pregleda radi otkrivanja ovog štetnog organizma i mera koje se preduzimaju u slučaju njegove pojave na teritoriji Republike Srbije. .
AB  - The pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a migratory endoparasite that causes drying and death of conifers on several continents. This species is vectored by cerambycid beetles of the genus Monochamus. Pinus are the most susceptible trees. Other conifers can also be the hosts like species of the genus Abies, Chamaecyparis, Cedrus, Larix, Picea and Pseudotsuga. It originates from North America and was introduced into Japan and other Asian countries at the beginning of the 20th century on timber exports where became a destructive pest for pine trees. In 1999 and 2008, B. xylophilus was found in Portugal and Spain. According to EPPO, it is listed as A2 EPPO quarantine organism. This species is among A1 quarantine nematodes that are not found on territory of the Republic of Serbia. It represents a potential threat to coniferous forests in Europe, especially in the southern area, including region of Serbia. The special phytosanitary measures are applied against the spread of this pest as well as monitoring of its presence in the conifer forests in EU countries. In 2011, Serbia has joined by legislation of Ministry of Agriculture, Trade, Forestry and Water Management on implementation of particular phytosanitary measures for detection of this harmful organism and measures taken in case of its occurrence in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. .
PB  - Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad
T2  - Biljni lekar
T1  - Borova nematoda (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) - potencijalna opasnost za četinarske šume u Srbiji
T1  - The pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus): A potential threat to coniferous forests in Serbia
EP  - 613
IS  - 6
SP  - 608
VL  - 39
UR  - conv_78
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Borova nematoda (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) je migratorni endoparazit koji prouzrokuje sušenje i uginuće četinara na više kontinenata. Prenosi se insektima - strižibubama iz roda Monochamus. Od biljaka domaćina, pored najosetljivijih iz roda Pinus, ubrajaju se i vrste iz roda Abies, Chamaecyparis, Cedrus, Larix, Picea i Pseudotsuga. Ova nematoda vodi poreklo iz Severne Amerike. Prenesena je u Japan i u druge azijske zemlje početkom 20. veka, gde je postala destruktivna štetočina za borove šume. Utvrđena je u Portugaliji i Španiji 1999. i 2008. godine. Prema EPPO, nalazi se na A2 listi karantinskih organizama. Ova štetočina je na A1 listi karantinskih nematoda koje nisu utvrđene na teritoriji Republike Srbije. Predstavlja potencijalnu opasnost za četinarske šume u Evropi, posebno u južnom području, uključujući i Srbiju. U zemljama Evropske unije primenjuju se posebne fitosanitarne mere protiv širenja ove štetočine, kao i nadzor njenog prisustva u četinarskim šumama. U 2011. godini, regulativom Ministarstva poljoprivrede, trgovine, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, pridružila se i Srbija u vezi sprovođenja posebnih fitosanitarnih pregleda radi otkrivanja ovog štetnog organizma i mera koje se preduzimaju u slučaju njegove pojave na teritoriji Republike Srbije. ., The pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a migratory endoparasite that causes drying and death of conifers on several continents. This species is vectored by cerambycid beetles of the genus Monochamus. Pinus are the most susceptible trees. Other conifers can also be the hosts like species of the genus Abies, Chamaecyparis, Cedrus, Larix, Picea and Pseudotsuga. It originates from North America and was introduced into Japan and other Asian countries at the beginning of the 20th century on timber exports where became a destructive pest for pine trees. In 1999 and 2008, B. xylophilus was found in Portugal and Spain. According to EPPO, it is listed as A2 EPPO quarantine organism. This species is among A1 quarantine nematodes that are not found on territory of the Republic of Serbia. It represents a potential threat to coniferous forests in Europe, especially in the southern area, including region of Serbia. The special phytosanitary measures are applied against the spread of this pest as well as monitoring of its presence in the conifer forests in EU countries. In 2011, Serbia has joined by legislation of Ministry of Agriculture, Trade, Forestry and Water Management on implementation of particular phytosanitary measures for detection of this harmful organism and measures taken in case of its occurrence in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. .",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad",
journal = "Biljni lekar",
title = "Borova nematoda (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) - potencijalna opasnost za četinarske šume u Srbiji, The pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus): A potential threat to coniferous forests in Serbia",
pages = "613-608",
number = "6",
volume = "39",
url = "conv_78"
}
Bačić, J.. (2011). Borova nematoda (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) - potencijalna opasnost za četinarske šume u Srbiji. in Biljni lekar
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad., 39(6), 608-613.
conv_78
Bačić J. Borova nematoda (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) - potencijalna opasnost za četinarske šume u Srbiji. in Biljni lekar. 2011;39(6):608-613.
conv_78 .
Bačić, Jasmina, "Borova nematoda (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) - potencijalna opasnost za četinarske šume u Srbiji" in Biljni lekar, 39, no. 6 (2011):608-613,
conv_78 .

Life cycle of the potato golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) grown under climatic conditions in Belgrade

Bačić, Jasmina; Barsi, L.; Štrbac, P.

(Srpsko biološko društvo, Beograd, i dr., 2011)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Barsi, L.
AU  - Štrbac, P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/143
AB  - The life cycle of a population of the quarantine nematode Globodera rostochiensis on the root of susceptible potato variety, Desiree, originating from an infected field (CC Ljubovija no. 413) on the mountain of Jagodnja in the district of Mačva, was studied under experimental conditions in Belgrade in 2002-2003. The golden cyst nematode completed one generation per year in the temperate climate of this region. In 2002, the life cycle lasted 29 days after the penetration of the second stage juveniles into the roots. An adverse effect of high soil temperatures above 25 °C was observed in 2003, influencing the development of the nematode and making the life cycle last two months longer.
PB  - Srpsko biološko društvo, Beograd, i dr.
T2  - Archives of Biological Sciences
T1  - Life cycle of the potato golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) grown under climatic conditions in Belgrade
EP  - 1075
IS  - 4
SP  - 1069
VL  - 63
DO  - 10.2298/ABS1104069B
UR  - conv_54
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina and Barsi, L. and Štrbac, P.",
year = "2011",
abstract = "The life cycle of a population of the quarantine nematode Globodera rostochiensis on the root of susceptible potato variety, Desiree, originating from an infected field (CC Ljubovija no. 413) on the mountain of Jagodnja in the district of Mačva, was studied under experimental conditions in Belgrade in 2002-2003. The golden cyst nematode completed one generation per year in the temperate climate of this region. In 2002, the life cycle lasted 29 days after the penetration of the second stage juveniles into the roots. An adverse effect of high soil temperatures above 25 °C was observed in 2003, influencing the development of the nematode and making the life cycle last two months longer.",
publisher = "Srpsko biološko društvo, Beograd, i dr.",
journal = "Archives of Biological Sciences",
title = "Life cycle of the potato golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) grown under climatic conditions in Belgrade",
pages = "1075-1069",
number = "4",
volume = "63",
doi = "10.2298/ABS1104069B",
url = "conv_54"
}
Bačić, J., Barsi, L.,& Štrbac, P.. (2011). Life cycle of the potato golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) grown under climatic conditions in Belgrade. in Archives of Biological Sciences
Srpsko biološko društvo, Beograd, i dr.., 63(4), 1069-1075.
https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1104069B
conv_54
Bačić J, Barsi L, Štrbac P. Life cycle of the potato golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) grown under climatic conditions in Belgrade. in Archives of Biological Sciences. 2011;63(4):1069-1075.
doi:10.2298/ABS1104069B
conv_54 .
Bačić, Jasmina, Barsi, L., Štrbac, P., "Life cycle of the potato golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) grown under climatic conditions in Belgrade" in Archives of Biological Sciences, 63, no. 4 (2011):1069-1075,
https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1104069B .,
conv_54 .
2
2
4

Uticaj sorti krompira na populaciju zlatne cistolike nematode (Globodera rostochiensis)

Bačić, Jasmina

(Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd, 2010)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/142
AB  - Tokom 2002. i 2003. godine praćen je uticaj sorti semenskog krompira zavisno od osetljivosti odnosno otpornosti na populaciju zlatne cistolike nematode - Globodera rostochiensis na zaraženoj parceli sa potesa Brdo KO Ljubovija br. 413, na planini Jagodnja u Mačvanskom okrugu u Srbiji. Osetljive sorte Desiree, Innovator, Kennebec, Cleopatra i Kondor korišćene su u ogledu kao sorte koje se najčešće gaje na ovom području. Otporne sorte Agria, Frisia, Latona, Saturna i Tresor odabrane su na osnovu rezultata određivanja patotipa populacije G. rostochiensis poreklom sa ove parcele. Ova istraživanja potvrdila su da se smanjenje brojnosti nematoda i povećanje prinosa može postići gajenjem otpornih ex-andigena sorti u slučaju zastupljenosti patotipa Ro 1. U drugoj godini istraživanja, krajnja gustina cista bila je 3,5 puta niža nego u prvoj godini. To se odrazilo i na prinos koji je u drugoj godini bio veći nego u prvoj godini istraživanja. Najmanji prinos procenjen je kod osetljivih sorti Kennebec (8,5 t/ha) i Cleopatra (16,9 t/ha), a najveći kod otpornih sorti Agria (25,7 t/ha) i Frisia (29,1 t/ha). Ovi podaci mogli bi da praktično posluže proizvođačima sa zaraženog područja u Mačvanskom okrugu prilikom izbora sorti krompira za gajenje u cilju iskorenjavanja karantinske nematode G. rostochiensis.
AB  - The effect of susceptibility/resistance of seed potato varieties on population of golden cyst nematode - Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 was investigated in the infested field of Brdo, KO Ljubovija No. 413, in Mačva District in Serbia during 2002 and 2003. The susceptible varieties Desiree, Innovator, Kennebec, Cleopatra, and Kondor were used in the experiment as varieties frequently grown in this district. The resistant ex-andigena varieties Agria, Frisia, Latona, Saturna, and Tresor were chosen on the basis of identified pathotypes of G. rostochiensis population originating from the aforementioned infested field. The results of this research indicated that nematode population of G. rostochiensis could be reduced and higher yield obtained by growing the resistant ex-andigena varieties in case of presence of pathotype Ro1. In the second year of investigation, final cyst density was 3.5 times lower than in the first year. It subsequently affected the crop yield which increased in the second year. The lowest crop yield was observed for susceptible varieties Kennebec (8.5 t/ha) and Cleopatra (16.9 t/ha), and the highest for resistant varieties Agria (25.7 t/ha) and Frisia (29.1 t/ha). These results may be useful to growers in the infested areas of Mačva District when choosing potato varieties, in order to eradicate the quarantine nematode G. rostochiensis.
PB  - Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Pesticidi i fitomedicina
T1  - Uticaj sorti krompira na populaciju zlatne cistolike nematode (Globodera rostochiensis)
T1  - The effect of potato varieties on population of golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis)
EP  - 275
IS  - 3
SP  - 269
VL  - 25
DO  - 10.2298/PIF1003269B
UR  - conv_121
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Tokom 2002. i 2003. godine praćen je uticaj sorti semenskog krompira zavisno od osetljivosti odnosno otpornosti na populaciju zlatne cistolike nematode - Globodera rostochiensis na zaraženoj parceli sa potesa Brdo KO Ljubovija br. 413, na planini Jagodnja u Mačvanskom okrugu u Srbiji. Osetljive sorte Desiree, Innovator, Kennebec, Cleopatra i Kondor korišćene su u ogledu kao sorte koje se najčešće gaje na ovom području. Otporne sorte Agria, Frisia, Latona, Saturna i Tresor odabrane su na osnovu rezultata određivanja patotipa populacije G. rostochiensis poreklom sa ove parcele. Ova istraživanja potvrdila su da se smanjenje brojnosti nematoda i povećanje prinosa može postići gajenjem otpornih ex-andigena sorti u slučaju zastupljenosti patotipa Ro 1. U drugoj godini istraživanja, krajnja gustina cista bila je 3,5 puta niža nego u prvoj godini. To se odrazilo i na prinos koji je u drugoj godini bio veći nego u prvoj godini istraživanja. Najmanji prinos procenjen je kod osetljivih sorti Kennebec (8,5 t/ha) i Cleopatra (16,9 t/ha), a najveći kod otpornih sorti Agria (25,7 t/ha) i Frisia (29,1 t/ha). Ovi podaci mogli bi da praktično posluže proizvođačima sa zaraženog područja u Mačvanskom okrugu prilikom izbora sorti krompira za gajenje u cilju iskorenjavanja karantinske nematode G. rostochiensis., The effect of susceptibility/resistance of seed potato varieties on population of golden cyst nematode - Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 was investigated in the infested field of Brdo, KO Ljubovija No. 413, in Mačva District in Serbia during 2002 and 2003. The susceptible varieties Desiree, Innovator, Kennebec, Cleopatra, and Kondor were used in the experiment as varieties frequently grown in this district. The resistant ex-andigena varieties Agria, Frisia, Latona, Saturna, and Tresor were chosen on the basis of identified pathotypes of G. rostochiensis population originating from the aforementioned infested field. The results of this research indicated that nematode population of G. rostochiensis could be reduced and higher yield obtained by growing the resistant ex-andigena varieties in case of presence of pathotype Ro1. In the second year of investigation, final cyst density was 3.5 times lower than in the first year. It subsequently affected the crop yield which increased in the second year. The lowest crop yield was observed for susceptible varieties Kennebec (8.5 t/ha) and Cleopatra (16.9 t/ha), and the highest for resistant varieties Agria (25.7 t/ha) and Frisia (29.1 t/ha). These results may be useful to growers in the infested areas of Mačva District when choosing potato varieties, in order to eradicate the quarantine nematode G. rostochiensis.",
publisher = "Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Pesticidi i fitomedicina",
title = "Uticaj sorti krompira na populaciju zlatne cistolike nematode (Globodera rostochiensis), The effect of potato varieties on population of golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis)",
pages = "275-269",
number = "3",
volume = "25",
doi = "10.2298/PIF1003269B",
url = "conv_121"
}
Bačić, J.. (2010). Uticaj sorti krompira na populaciju zlatne cistolike nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). in Pesticidi i fitomedicina
Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd., 25(3), 269-275.
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1003269B
conv_121
Bačić J. Uticaj sorti krompira na populaciju zlatne cistolike nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). in Pesticidi i fitomedicina. 2010;25(3):269-275.
doi:10.2298/PIF1003269B
conv_121 .
Bačić, Jasmina, "Uticaj sorti krompira na populaciju zlatne cistolike nematode (Globodera rostochiensis)" in Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 25, no. 3 (2010):269-275,
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1003269B .,
conv_121 .

Krompirova zlatna cistolika nematoda (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) u Srbiji

Bačić, Jasmina

(Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad, 2010)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/141
AB  - Istraživanja su obuhvatila inventarizaciju karantinske zlatne cistolike nematode Globodera rostochiensis, na površinama namenjenim za proizvodnju semenskog krompira, tokom poslednjih 10 godina, praćenje životnog ciklusa i određivanje patotipa nekoliko populacija u našoj zemlji. Prema dosadašnjim podacima, G. rostochiensis je kod nas prisutna na području zapadne Srbije, u Mačvanskom, Moravičkom i Zlatiborskom okrugu. Najveći broj zaraženih parcela utvrđen je u Mačvanskom okrugu. Rezultati identifikacije ove vrste morfometrijskom analizom potvrđeni su konvencijalnim i real-time PCR metodom. Mešane populacije G. rostochiensis i G. pallida nisu detektovane molekularnim metodom. Praćenjem životnog ciklusa populacije G. rostochiensis poreklom iz Mačvanskog okruga, u klimatskim uslovima Beograda, tokom 2002. i 2003. godine, konstatovana je samo jedna generacija godišnje. Ovim istraživanjima, dobijeni su prvi podaci o patotipovima tri populacije G. rostochiensis na teritoriji Srbije, poreklom iz Mačvanskog i Moravičkog okruga, a utvrđen je samo patotip Ro1.
AB  - Potato golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis was registered in seed potato fields in western Serbia in three districts (Mačva, Moravica and Zlatibor). The largest number of infested fields was detected in district of Mačva. Under climatic conditions of Belgrade, population of G. rostochiensis originating from the region of Mačva, completed one generation per year. These investigations obtained first data about pathotypes of three populations of G. rostochiensis from Serbia where only pathotype Ro1 was determined.
PB  - Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad
T2  - Biljni lekar
T1  - Krompirova zlatna cistolika nematoda (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) u Srbiji
T1  - Potato golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) in Serbia
EP  - 207
IS  - 3
SP  - 201
VL  - 38
UR  - conv_77
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Istraživanja su obuhvatila inventarizaciju karantinske zlatne cistolike nematode Globodera rostochiensis, na površinama namenjenim za proizvodnju semenskog krompira, tokom poslednjih 10 godina, praćenje životnog ciklusa i određivanje patotipa nekoliko populacija u našoj zemlji. Prema dosadašnjim podacima, G. rostochiensis je kod nas prisutna na području zapadne Srbije, u Mačvanskom, Moravičkom i Zlatiborskom okrugu. Najveći broj zaraženih parcela utvrđen je u Mačvanskom okrugu. Rezultati identifikacije ove vrste morfometrijskom analizom potvrđeni su konvencijalnim i real-time PCR metodom. Mešane populacije G. rostochiensis i G. pallida nisu detektovane molekularnim metodom. Praćenjem životnog ciklusa populacije G. rostochiensis poreklom iz Mačvanskog okruga, u klimatskim uslovima Beograda, tokom 2002. i 2003. godine, konstatovana je samo jedna generacija godišnje. Ovim istraživanjima, dobijeni su prvi podaci o patotipovima tri populacije G. rostochiensis na teritoriji Srbije, poreklom iz Mačvanskog i Moravičkog okruga, a utvrđen je samo patotip Ro1., Potato golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis was registered in seed potato fields in western Serbia in three districts (Mačva, Moravica and Zlatibor). The largest number of infested fields was detected in district of Mačva. Under climatic conditions of Belgrade, population of G. rostochiensis originating from the region of Mačva, completed one generation per year. These investigations obtained first data about pathotypes of three populations of G. rostochiensis from Serbia where only pathotype Ro1 was determined.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad",
journal = "Biljni lekar",
title = "Krompirova zlatna cistolika nematoda (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) u Srbiji, Potato golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) in Serbia",
pages = "207-201",
number = "3",
volume = "38",
url = "conv_77"
}
Bačić, J.. (2010). Krompirova zlatna cistolika nematoda (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) u Srbiji. in Biljni lekar
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad., 38(3), 201-207.
conv_77
Bačić J. Krompirova zlatna cistolika nematoda (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) u Srbiji. in Biljni lekar. 2010;38(3):201-207.
conv_77 .
Bačić, Jasmina, "Krompirova zlatna cistolika nematoda (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) u Srbiji" in Biljni lekar, 38, no. 3 (2010):201-207,
conv_77 .

Analyses of Globodera rostochiensis and G-pallida populations from Serbia by morphometrics and real-time PCR

Bačić, Jasmina; Geric-Stare, Barbara; Sirca, Saša; Urek, Gregor

(2008)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bačić, Jasmina
AU  - Geric-Stare, Barbara
AU  - Sirca, Saša
AU  - Urek, Gregor
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/138
T2  - Russian Journal of Nematology
T1  - Analyses of Globodera rostochiensis and G-pallida populations from Serbia by morphometrics and real-time PCR
EP  - 65
IS  - 1
SP  - 63
VL  - 16
UR  - conv_231
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Bačić, Jasmina and Geric-Stare, Barbara and Sirca, Saša and Urek, Gregor",
year = "2008",
journal = "Russian Journal of Nematology",
title = "Analyses of Globodera rostochiensis and G-pallida populations from Serbia by morphometrics and real-time PCR",
pages = "65-63",
number = "1",
volume = "16",
url = "conv_231"
}
Bačić, J., Geric-Stare, B., Sirca, S.,& Urek, G.. (2008). Analyses of Globodera rostochiensis and G-pallida populations from Serbia by morphometrics and real-time PCR. in Russian Journal of Nematology, 16(1), 63-65.
conv_231
Bačić J, Geric-Stare B, Sirca S, Urek G. Analyses of Globodera rostochiensis and G-pallida populations from Serbia by morphometrics and real-time PCR. in Russian Journal of Nematology. 2008;16(1):63-65.
conv_231 .
Bačić, Jasmina, Geric-Stare, Barbara, Sirca, Saša, Urek, Gregor, "Analyses of Globodera rostochiensis and G-pallida populations from Serbia by morphometrics and real-time PCR" in Russian Journal of Nematology, 16, no. 1 (2008):63-65,
conv_231 .
7
4