Borova nematoda (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) - potencijalna opasnost za četinarske šume u Srbiji

Abstract

Borova nematoda (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) je migratorni endoparazit koji prouzrokuje sušenje i uginuće četinara na više kontinenata. Prenosi se insektima - strižibubama iz roda Monochamus. Od biljaka domaćina, pored najosetljivijih iz roda Pinus, ubrajaju se i vrste iz roda Abies, Chamaecyparis, Cedrus, Larix, Picea i Pseudotsuga. Ova nematoda vodi poreklo iz Severne Amerike. Prenesena je u Japan i u druge azijske zemlje početkom 20. veka, gde je postala destruktivna štetočina za borove šume. Utvrđena je u Portugaliji i Španiji 1999. i 2008. godine. Prema EPPO, nalazi se na A2 listi karantinskih organizama. Ova štetočina je na A1 listi karantinskih nematoda koje nisu utvrđene na teritoriji Republike Srbije. Predstavlja potencijalnu opasnost za četinarske šume u Evropi, posebno u južnom području, uključujući i Srbiju. U zemljama Evropske unije primenjuju se posebne fitosanitarne mere protiv širenja ove štetočine, kao i nadzor njenog prisustva u četinarskim šumama. U 2011. godini, regulativom Ministarstva poljoprivrede, trgovine, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, pridružila se i Srbija u vezi sprovođenja posebnih fitosanitarnih pregleda radi otkrivanja ovog štetnog organizma i mera koje se preduzimaju u slučaju njegove pojave na teritoriji Republike Srbije. .

The pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a migratory endoparasite that causes drying and death of conifers on several continents. This species is vectored by cerambycid beetles of the genus Monochamus. Pinus are the most susceptible trees. Other conifers can also be the hosts like species of the genus Abies, Chamaecyparis, Cedrus, Larix, Picea and Pseudotsuga. It originates from North America and was introduced into Japan and other Asian countries at the beginning of the 20th century on timber exports where became a destructive pest for pine trees. In 1999 and 2008, B. xylophilus was found in Portugal and Spain. According to EPPO, it is listed as A2 EPPO quarantine organism. This species is among A1 quarantine nematodes that are not found on territory of the Republic of Serbia. It represents a potential threat to coniferous forests in Europe, especially in the southern area, including region of Serbia. The special phytosanitary measures are applied against the spread of this pest as well as monitoring of its presence in the conifer forests in EU countries. In 2011, Serbia has joined by legislation of Ministry of Agriculture, Trade, Forestry and Water Management on implementation of particular phytosanitary measures for detection of this harmful organism and measures taken in case of its occurrence in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. .