Effect of Fertilization on Weed Infestation, Morphological and Productive Traits of Different Alternative Small Grains

Abstract

This examination aims to determinate influence of fertilizers toward weed infestation, morphological and productive traits of different alternative small grains, as well as to examine the correlation of the studied traits of alternative small grains with weed infestation in organic production. The field experiment was conducted on luvic chemozem in completely randomized blocks, repeatad four times, in the three year period (2013/2014-2015/2016). Examination was carried out on one winter cultivars of naked barley, spelt, durum, compactum wheat and triticale, and the experiment included fertilization with microbiological fertilizer (5.0 L ha(-1)) as well as the combined application of microbiological (5.0 L ha(-1)) and organic fertilizer (3.0 t ha(-1)). Results obtained pointed out that examined factors have important influence toward number and the dry weed weight, but the influence toward diversity weeds is negligible. The smallest the total number of weeds (12.7 plants m(-2)), as well as the dry weight of weeds (18.5 g m(-2)) was noted in the spelt (P LT 0.01). The considerably significant smaller the total number of weeds on the variant F-2 (14.7 plants m(-2)) compared to F-1 (15.4 plants m(-2)) and Fo (15.5 plants m(-2)), while dry weed weight on the variants F-1 (23.7 g m(-2)) and F-2 (23.8 g m(-2)) significant higher comparing to control F-0 (20.7 g m(-2)). The use of fertilizers have significatly influenced the increase of the stem height (5.5-10.0%), spike length (6.4-9.9%), weight of the plant (9.5-20.8%) and the weight of grains in the spike (7.8-16.9%). The negative dependence of the weeds number (r= -0.69) and its dry weight (r= -0.39) related to the height of stem, and, also, negative dependence between weight of grains in the spike with the weed number (r= -0.32) has been perceived. These results of examination showed that proper selection of the genotypes with the application of fertilisers could have a significant effect on the weeds in the organic production alternative small grains.