Tendencije biljne proizvodnje u Republici Srbiji i na nivou NSTJ 1

Abstract

U radu su analizirane tendencije biljne proizvodnje u Republici Srbiji i na nivou teritorijalnih jedinica Srbija-sever i Srbija-jug (NSTJ 1), u periodu 2009-2018. godine preko indikatora zastupljenosti površina i prosečnog prinosa dvadeset osam biljnih kultura. Za obradu posmatranih indikatora korišćene su metode deskriptivne statistike kao i Spirmanov koeficijent korelacije. Podaci su ukazali da u regionu Srbija-sever dominiraju površine pod žitima, industrijskim biljem, graškom i breskvama, dok su u regionu Srbija-jug zastupljene površine pod krmnim biljem, povrtarskim kulturama (krompir, paradajz, paprika, crni luk, beli luk, pasulj, krastavac, dinje i lubenice) i višegodišnjim zasadima. Prosečni prinosi posmatranih kultura značajno se razlikuju između regiona Srbija-sever i Srbija-jug. Spirmanov koeficijent korelacije indikatora zastupljenosti površina ukazao je na visok stepen slaganja površina pod pšenicom i duvanom (0,927**), kao i površina pod lucerkom i detelinom sa površinama pod zasadima voća. Takođe, ustanovljen je i visok stepen slaganja površina pod kukuruzom i graškom (0,798**), ali i između površina pod suncokretom i sojom (0,891**).

In this paper, we analyzed the tendencies of plant production in the Republic of Serbia and at the level of the territorial units Serbia-North and Serbia South (NUTS 1), for the period 2009-2018 through the indicators of the coverage of areas and an average yield of 28 plant crops. The aim of the paper is to point out the differences in the representation of areas under different types of crops and to indicate the degree of their agreement between the mentioned territorial units by Spearman's correlation coefficient. For the analysis of the observed indicators, the methods of descriptive statistics, as well as Spearman's correlation coefficient, were used. The data indicate that the Serbia-North region is dominated by areas under cereals, industrial crops, peas and peaches, while the Serbia-South region is covered by areas under fodder crops, vegetable crops (potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, onion, garlic, beans, cucumber, melons and watermelons) and perennial crops. The average yields of the observed crops differ significantly between the regions of Serbia-North and Serbia South. Spearmen's correlation coefficient of the indicators of the coverage of areas indicated a high degree of stacking of areas under wheat and tobacco (0.927**), as well as areas under lucerne and clover with areas under fruit plantations. Also, a high degree of stacking of areas under maize and peas (0.798**) was established, but also between areas under sunflower and soya (0.891**).