Atropine and Scopolamine in Maize Products from the Retail Stores in the Republic of Serbia

2022
Authors
Vuković, GoricaStojanović, Tijana

Konstantinović, Bojan

Bursić, Vojislava
Puvača, Nikola

Popov, Milena

Samardžić, Nataša
Petrović, Aleksandra

Marinković, Dusan
Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana

Đurovic-Pejcev, Rada

Spirović-Trifunović, Bojana
Article (Published version)
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The cereal grains, which represent the cultivated grasses fruits, supply almost half of the total caloric requirements for humans and provide more nourishment compared with any other class of the food. Out of many cereals used for food, maize, rice, and wheat are the most important food resources for humans, representing 94% of the total cereals consumption. According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics for the year 2018, the harvested areas of corn amount to 906,753 hectares. The production of about 7 million tons was achieved with an average yield of 7.7 t/ha according to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Serbia. Serbia is still among the ten largest exporters of wheat and corn in the world for the period of 2014/15-2017/18. More precisely, it ranks seventh in the export of corn. Utilization of maize products for food animal nutrition (1000 t) is 491,48, and for industrial processing (1000 t) 278,862 expressed as the total consumption (1000 t) is 769,910.... Therefore, a total of 103 samples of maize products were analyzed for the presence of toxins, i.e., tropane alkaloids (TAs). The samples were collected from the retail stores in the Republic of Serbia in 2021 and analyzed for the presence of atropine and scopolamine (33 corn grits, 39 polenta, and 31 semolina samples). Therefore, the Recommendation 2015/976/EU on the monitoring of TAs in food was adopted by the EU Commission to obtain more occurrence data on TAs in food. The monitoring extent, however, is restricted because reliable analytical methods and appropriate sensitivity are limited. There was a limit of 1 g/kg for each atropine and scopolamine in cereals containing millet, sorghum, buckwheat, or their derivatives. All the samples were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS. The LOQ was set at 1.0 mu g/kg. Out of the total 103 tested samples, 32 samples (31.1%) were contaminated with atropine and scopolamine in concentrations above the LOQ. The highest concentrations of the studied TAs were observed in a semolina sample-atropine: 58.80 mu g/kg, scopolamine: 10.20 mu g/kg. The obtained results indicate that the TAs concentrations are above the LOQ which can be considered potential human and animal health hazards.
Keywords:
toxins / scopolamine / MS / LC-MS / food safety / atropineSource:
Toxins, 2022, 14, 9Publisher:
- MDPI, Basel
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090621
ISSN: 2072-6651
PubMed: 36136559
WoS: 000857058700001
Scopus: 2-s2.0-85138458539
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Istraživačko razvojni institut TAMIŠTY - JOUR AU - Vuković, Gorica AU - Stojanović, Tijana AU - Konstantinović, Bojan AU - Bursić, Vojislava AU - Puvača, Nikola AU - Popov, Milena AU - Samardžić, Nataša AU - Petrović, Aleksandra AU - Marinković, Dusan AU - Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana AU - Đurovic-Pejcev, Rada AU - Spirović-Trifunović, Bojana PY - 2022 UR - https://intam.institut-tamis.rs/handle/123456789/221 AB - The cereal grains, which represent the cultivated grasses fruits, supply almost half of the total caloric requirements for humans and provide more nourishment compared with any other class of the food. Out of many cereals used for food, maize, rice, and wheat are the most important food resources for humans, representing 94% of the total cereals consumption. According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics for the year 2018, the harvested areas of corn amount to 906,753 hectares. The production of about 7 million tons was achieved with an average yield of 7.7 t/ha according to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Serbia. Serbia is still among the ten largest exporters of wheat and corn in the world for the period of 2014/15-2017/18. More precisely, it ranks seventh in the export of corn. Utilization of maize products for food animal nutrition (1000 t) is 491,48, and for industrial processing (1000 t) 278,862 expressed as the total consumption (1000 t) is 769,910. Therefore, a total of 103 samples of maize products were analyzed for the presence of toxins, i.e., tropane alkaloids (TAs). The samples were collected from the retail stores in the Republic of Serbia in 2021 and analyzed for the presence of atropine and scopolamine (33 corn grits, 39 polenta, and 31 semolina samples). Therefore, the Recommendation 2015/976/EU on the monitoring of TAs in food was adopted by the EU Commission to obtain more occurrence data on TAs in food. The monitoring extent, however, is restricted because reliable analytical methods and appropriate sensitivity are limited. There was a limit of 1 g/kg for each atropine and scopolamine in cereals containing millet, sorghum, buckwheat, or their derivatives. All the samples were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS. The LOQ was set at 1.0 mu g/kg. Out of the total 103 tested samples, 32 samples (31.1%) were contaminated with atropine and scopolamine in concentrations above the LOQ. The highest concentrations of the studied TAs were observed in a semolina sample-atropine: 58.80 mu g/kg, scopolamine: 10.20 mu g/kg. The obtained results indicate that the TAs concentrations are above the LOQ which can be considered potential human and animal health hazards. PB - MDPI, Basel T2 - Toxins T1 - Atropine and Scopolamine in Maize Products from the Retail Stores in the Republic of Serbia IS - 9 VL - 14 DO - 10.3390/toxins14090621 UR - conv_202 ER -
@article{ author = "Vuković, Gorica and Stojanović, Tijana and Konstantinović, Bojan and Bursić, Vojislava and Puvača, Nikola and Popov, Milena and Samardžić, Nataša and Petrović, Aleksandra and Marinković, Dusan and Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana and Đurovic-Pejcev, Rada and Spirović-Trifunović, Bojana", year = "2022", abstract = "The cereal grains, which represent the cultivated grasses fruits, supply almost half of the total caloric requirements for humans and provide more nourishment compared with any other class of the food. Out of many cereals used for food, maize, rice, and wheat are the most important food resources for humans, representing 94% of the total cereals consumption. According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics for the year 2018, the harvested areas of corn amount to 906,753 hectares. The production of about 7 million tons was achieved with an average yield of 7.7 t/ha according to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Serbia. Serbia is still among the ten largest exporters of wheat and corn in the world for the period of 2014/15-2017/18. More precisely, it ranks seventh in the export of corn. Utilization of maize products for food animal nutrition (1000 t) is 491,48, and for industrial processing (1000 t) 278,862 expressed as the total consumption (1000 t) is 769,910. Therefore, a total of 103 samples of maize products were analyzed for the presence of toxins, i.e., tropane alkaloids (TAs). The samples were collected from the retail stores in the Republic of Serbia in 2021 and analyzed for the presence of atropine and scopolamine (33 corn grits, 39 polenta, and 31 semolina samples). Therefore, the Recommendation 2015/976/EU on the monitoring of TAs in food was adopted by the EU Commission to obtain more occurrence data on TAs in food. The monitoring extent, however, is restricted because reliable analytical methods and appropriate sensitivity are limited. There was a limit of 1 g/kg for each atropine and scopolamine in cereals containing millet, sorghum, buckwheat, or their derivatives. All the samples were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS. The LOQ was set at 1.0 mu g/kg. Out of the total 103 tested samples, 32 samples (31.1%) were contaminated with atropine and scopolamine in concentrations above the LOQ. The highest concentrations of the studied TAs were observed in a semolina sample-atropine: 58.80 mu g/kg, scopolamine: 10.20 mu g/kg. The obtained results indicate that the TAs concentrations are above the LOQ which can be considered potential human and animal health hazards.", publisher = "MDPI, Basel", journal = "Toxins", title = "Atropine and Scopolamine in Maize Products from the Retail Stores in the Republic of Serbia", number = "9", volume = "14", doi = "10.3390/toxins14090621", url = "conv_202" }
Vuković, G., Stojanović, T., Konstantinović, B., Bursić, V., Puvača, N., Popov, M., Samardžić, N., Petrović, A., Marinković, D., Roljević Nikolić, S., Đurovic-Pejcev, R.,& Spirović-Trifunović, B.. (2022). Atropine and Scopolamine in Maize Products from the Retail Stores in the Republic of Serbia. in Toxins MDPI, Basel., 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090621 conv_202
Vuković G, Stojanović T, Konstantinović B, Bursić V, Puvača N, Popov M, Samardžić N, Petrović A, Marinković D, Roljević Nikolić S, Đurovic-Pejcev R, Spirović-Trifunović B. Atropine and Scopolamine in Maize Products from the Retail Stores in the Republic of Serbia. in Toxins. 2022;14(9). doi:10.3390/toxins14090621 conv_202 .
Vuković, Gorica, Stojanović, Tijana, Konstantinović, Bojan, Bursić, Vojislava, Puvača, Nikola, Popov, Milena, Samardžić, Nataša, Petrović, Aleksandra, Marinković, Dusan, Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana, Đurovic-Pejcev, Rada, Spirović-Trifunović, Bojana, "Atropine and Scopolamine in Maize Products from the Retail Stores in the Republic of Serbia" in Toxins, 14, no. 9 (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090621 ., conv_202 .